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Weoftenusethewords“growth”and“development”asiftheymeantbasicallythesamething.Butthismaynotalwaysbethecase.Onecaneasilyimagineinstancesinwhichacountryhasachievedhigherlevelsofincome(growth)withlitt
更新时间: 2024-04-28 05:42:51
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Weoftenusethewords“growth”and“development”asiftheymeantbasicallythesamething.Butthismaynotalwaysbethecase.Onecaneasilyimagineinstancesinwhichacountryhasachievedhigherlevelsofincome(growth)withlittleornobenefitcomingtomostofitscitizens(development).
Inthepast,mostdevelopmentpolicieswereaimedatincreasingthegrowthrateofincomepercapita(人均所得).Manyarestillbasedonthetheorythatbenefitofeconomicgrowthwillcometoallmembersofsociety.Ifthistheoryiscorrect,growthshouldencouragedevelopment.
Bytheearly1970s,however,therelationshipbetweengrowthanddevelopmentwasbeingquestioned.AmajorstudybytheWorldBankin1974concludedthatitisnowclearthatmorethandecadesofrapidgrowthindevelopingcountrieshasbeenoflittlebenefitto&thirdoftheirpopulation.
TheWorldBankstudyshowedthatincreaseinGNPpercapitadidnotpromiseimportantimprovementsinsuchdevel­opmentindicatorsasnutrition(营养),health,andeducation.AlthoughGNPpercapitadidindeedrise,itsbenefitcamedowntoonlyasmallpartofthepopulation.Thisrealizationgivesrisetoacallfornewdevelopmentpolicies.Thesenewpoliciesfavoragricultureoverindustry,callfornationalredis­tribution(资源分配)ofincomeandwealth,andencourageprogramstosatisfysuchbasicneedsasfoodandshelter.
Inthelate1970sandearly1980stheinternationalmacroeconomiccrises(大规模的经济危机)ofhighoilprices,worldwiderecession(衰退)andthethirdworlddebt,forcedattentionawayfromprogramsdesignedtogetridofpoverty.however,thelessonremains:economicgrowthdoesnotprom­iseeconomicdevelopment.Effortsmayberequiredtochangegrowingoutputcapacity(能力)intoeconomicbenefitthatreachmostofanation’speople.
小题1:Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttherelationshipbetweengrowthanddevelopment?

A.Growthanddevelopmentrefertothesamething.
B.Growthalwaysbringsaboutdevelopment.
C.Developmentisnotanecessaryresultofgrowth.
D.Developmentisareliablemeasureofgrowth.
小题2:Beforethe1970s,mostdevelopmentpolicieswerebasedontheor

何特回答:
   小题1:C小题2:D小题3:B小题4:A   本文提出了growth和development两个概念以及它们之间的差别。指出了国民生产总值的增长(growth)并不表示人们生活水平的提高(development)。小题1:推断题。由第二句Butthismaynotalwaysbethecase可知。小题2:细节题。由第二段所述观点和第三段首句可知。小题3:细节题。由第三段最后一句...hasbeenoflittlebenefittoathirdoftheirpopulation(对1/3的人口没有好处)可知,只对2/3的人口有益处。小题4:推断题。本文主要讲述的是growth与development之间的不一致和不平衡,往往只有经济的“growth”没有人们的生活的“development”,因此下文该主要讲述怎样解决这一问题。
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