定语从句(AttributiveClauses)
定语从句是修饰名词的从句,起形容词的作用.定语从句一般由一个关系代词或关系副词引导,被修饰的名词称为先行词.定语从句一般要紧接在先行词后面.
定语从句就其与先行词的关系来说,可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种.
1、限制性定语从句限制或规定先行词的范围,和先行词有着不可分割的关系,对于全句的意义此凳遣豢扇鄙俚摹H绻?サ舳ㄓ锎泳洌?涞囊庖寰筒幻魅贰⒉煌暾?
Thatisthemanwhogaveusareportyesterday.
那位就是昨天给我们作报告的人.
1)引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which.关系代词代表先行词,同时又在从句中担任一种句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语或定语.关系代词的用法见下表:
(1)who代表人,在从句中作主语,如:
Hegivethosebookstothestudentswhowereinterested.
(2)whom也代表人,在从句中作宾语,有时可以省略,如:
Manypeople(whom)weknowaresportsmen.
有时也可以用who来代替whom,例如:
Theworker(whom/who)youmentionedhasnotcome.
在介词后,只能用whom,不能省略,如:
Themantowhomyouspokejustnowisadoctor.
比较下列句子:
Theboyaboutwhomyoutalkedhasgonehome.
Theboy(whom)youtalkedabouthasgonehome.
(3)whose代表“某人或某物的”,在从句中作定语,如:
ThewomanwhosebikewasstolenisJohn’smother.
ThisisaprettyflowerwhosenameIdon’tknow.
(4)which代表物,在从句中可作主语;如:
Weoftenusetheladderwhichismadeofwood.
也可作宾语,当作宾语时,可以省略;如:
Theylikethetrees(which)theyplanted.
但是在介词后,which不能省略,比较:
ThisisthebookaboutwhichItoldyoulastweek.
Thisisthebook(which)Itoldyouaboutlastweek.
(5)that既可代表人,又可代表物,如:
Theboysthatsendsnewspapersismybrother.
ThemethodthatweretaughttoJohnwereeasytolearn.
that常常可以替代who,whom和which.如:
Themanthattoldyouthenewswillcomeherethisafternoon.
Heistheman(that)Isawinyourroomyesterdayafternoon.
Thisisthebook(that)Ilikebest.
但是,在介词后不能用that;当先行词为everybody,anybody,anyone等时要用who,不用that;当先行词前有形容词最高级或all,any,no,only,little,much等词时,或先行词本身为all,little,much,anything,something,nothing等词时,要用that,不用which.如:
Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?
Heisthetallestmanthathaseverlivedhere.
ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.
Thereissomethingimportantthatyouhaven’tdone.
2)引导限制性定语从句的关系副词有where,when.关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于“介词+关系代词”.
(1)where修饰表示地点的名词,在从句中充当地点状语,意义上相当于一个介词加which(onwhich,inwhich等),如:
Thisistheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthesecondfloor.
(2)when修饰表示时间的名词,在从句中充当时间状语,意义上相当于一个介词加which(onwhich,inwhich等),如:
Aprilisthemonthwhen(=inwhich)wehavealotofrain.
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)Imether.
2、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是对意义明确或者独一无二的人或物作进一步的说明,与先行词只有比较松散的关系,如果去掉定语从句,主句仍然成立.在书面语言中,通常用逗号把从句和主句隔开.例如:
Beijing,whichisinthenorthofChina,istheheartofthecountry.
北京位于华北,是国家的心脏.
定语从句
1that在从句中作主语或宾语指物或指人.
2which在从句中作主语或宾语指物.
3what不能引导定语从句.
4that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句.
就定语从句中挺难区分的.(个人看法)
做选择靠语感.不能死掰.要灵活!
是别人的,我用一下,