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 LouisPasteurthefamousFrenchchemistandbacteriologist(微生物学家)invented“pasteurization”.In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLilleanditwastherethathema
更新时间: 2025-08-18 12:19:38
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LouisPasteurthefamousFrenchchemistandbacteriologist(微生物学家)invented“pasteurization”.In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLilleanditwastherethathemadeoneofhismostfamousdiscoveries.Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer-makingandsomeofthelocalwine-makersaskedPasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinefresh.Atthattimeitwasbelievedthatfoodanddrinksgo“bad”duetoapurelychemicalprocess.ButduringaseriesofexperimentsPasteurprovedthattinylivingorganisms(微生物)causedfoodanddrinkstogobad.Inthecaseofwineandbeertheorganismsarealreadypresentintheformofthevariousyeasts(酵母)thatcausedthefermentation(发酵)process.Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewinewiththeresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.Healsoprovedthatfoodanddrinkscouldbeturnedbadbyotherorganismsthatwerepresentintheairandthattheytoowouldkeepfreshmuchlongeriftheywerekeptinairtightcontainers.

TheheatingprocesswassosuccessfulthatitmadePasteurfamous.Itwasnamed“pasteurization”inhishonourandbyabout1900ithadbeenwidelyusedforprocessingandbottlingcows’milk.Theresultwasahugedropinthenumberofbottle-fedbabiesdyingfrominfantdiarrhea(婴儿腹泻)andfromthattimeonithasbeenastandardtreatmentformilkandmanyotherfoodproducts.Thissimpleprocesshassavedthousandspossiblymillionsoflivesworldwide.

1.Pasteurbecame___________in1854.

A.thechairpersonofthesciencedepartmentattheUniversityofLille

B.thedirectorofachemicallaboratoryattheUniversityofLille

C.thegeneralmanagerofalargebeer-makingcompany

D.thepresidentoftheUniversityofLille

2.AccordingtothepassageLillewasamajorcenterfor___________inthemid-19thcentury.

A.growinggraincropsB.makingbeerandwine

C.doingchemicalresearchD.producingvariouskindsofyeasts

3.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1theunderlinedword“they”refersto___________.

A.wineandbeerB.foodanddrinksC.thevariousyeastsD

黄罡回答:
  1.A2.B3.B4.C5.B   分析:   文章介绍LouisPasteur通过实验证明微小的活的微生物会让食物变质,如果要保鲜食物和饮料可以将它们放在真空的容器中,这项发现对孩子的健康有很大好处。1.2.3.4.5.   考点:   考查人物传记类短文
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