LouisPasteurthefamousFrenchchemistandbacteriologist(微生物学家)invented“pasteurization”.In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLilleanditwastherethathemadeoneofhismostfamousdiscoveries.Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer-makingandsomeofthelocalwine-makersaskedPasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinefresh.Atthattimeitwasbelievedthatfoodanddrinksgo“bad”duetoapurelychemicalprocess.ButduringaseriesofexperimentsPasteurprovedthattinylivingorganisms(微生物)causedfoodanddrinkstogobad.Inthecaseofwineandbeertheorganismsarealreadypresentintheformofthevariousyeasts(酵母)thatcausedthefermentation(发酵)process.Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewinewiththeresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.Healsoprovedthatfoodanddrinkscouldbeturnedbadbyotherorganismsthatwerepresentintheairandthattheytoowouldkeepfreshmuchlongeriftheywerekeptinairtightcontainers.
TheheatingprocesswassosuccessfulthatitmadePasteurfamous.Itwasnamed“pasteurization”inhishonourandbyabout1900ithadbeenwidelyusedforprocessingandbottlingcows’milk.Theresultwasahugedropinthenumberofbottle-fedbabiesdyingfrominfantdiarrhea(婴儿腹泻)andfromthattimeonithasbeenastandardtreatmentformilkandmanyotherfoodproducts.Thissimpleprocesshassavedthousandspossiblymillionsoflivesworldwide.
1.Pasteurbecame___________in1854.
A.thechairpersonofthesciencedepartmentattheUniversityofLille
B.thedirectorofachemicallaboratoryattheUniversityofLille
C.thegeneralmanagerofalargebeer-makingcompany
D.thepresidentoftheUniversityofLille
2.AccordingtothepassageLillewasamajorcenterfor___________inthemid-19thcentury.
A.growinggraincropsB.makingbeerandwine
C.doingchemicalresearchD.producingvariouskindsofyeasts
3.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1theunderlinedword“they”refersto___________.
A.wineandbeerB.foodanddrinksC.thevariousyeastsD